Aug 11, 2021 
高速
随着汽车、国防、航空、航天等产业的快速发展，以及铝合金等新材料的应用，数控机加工的高速发展变得至关重要。
*主轴速度机器采用电动主轴（内置主轴电机），最大主轴速度可达200，000 r/min：
*馈送速率当分辨率为 0.01μm 时，最大进给率可以达到 240m/min，复杂的表面可以精确处理。
*操作速度
微处理器的快速发展为计算机数控系统的高速、高精度奠定了基础。
由于操作速度高，当分辨率为 0.1μm 和 0.01μm 时，可获得 24 ~240m/min 的进给速度。
*工具更改速度目前，工具更改时间一般约为1s，短时间为0.5s。
德国公司Chiron将工具存储设计为篮子式，以主轴为轴，将工具排列在圆圈中，更改时间仅为0.9s。
高精度
数控机床的精度要求不仅限于静态几何精度，运动精度、热变形和振动监测以及机床的补偿越来越受到重视。
*提高高速机数控系统插值类型的控制精度，实现小程序部分的连续馈送，使数控控制单元得到改进，采用高分辨率位置检测装置提高位置检测精度。
位置伺服系统采用馈送前置控制和非线性控制。
*错误补偿技术设备的热变形误差和空间误差通过反向间隙补偿、螺丝间距误差补偿和工具误差补偿进行综合补偿。
结果表明，综合纠错技术的应用可使误差降低60%~80%。
*精度改进
网格用于检查和提高加工中心的运动轨迹精度。
加工精度保证了定位精度和重复定位精度，保证了长期稳定的操作，完成了不同操作条件下的各种加工任务，以及零件的加工质量。
复杂功能
复合机是实现从空白到成品的各种因素加工。人们使用复杂的机器进行处理，从而减少了工作件装卸的时间，更改和调整了过程中的工具和错误。
因此，与传统的分散生产方式相比，提高了零部件的加工精度，缩短了产品制造周期，增强了生产效率和生产厂家的市场反应
能力。
复杂的加工过程还导致模块化和多轴机床
的发展。
随着现代加工要求的不断提高，一大批多轴数控机在各大企业中越来越
受欢迎。
智能控制
随着人工智能技术的发展，为适应制造灵活性和制造自动化的发展需要，数控机床的智能化程度不断提高。它体现在以下几个方面。
*过程自适应控制技术通过对切割工具的应力、磨损、损坏状态和机床加工状态的稳定性进行监控，从而监测加工过程中的切割力、主轴和馈送电机功率、电流、电压和使用传统或现代算法等信息。
根据实时调整处理参数（主轴速度、进料速率）和处理订单的状态，用户可以提高设备运行的安全
性。
*加工
参数
的智能优化与选择 基于专家系统或模型的加工参数的智能优化和选择器采用现代智能方法构建。
在此基础上获得优化的加工参数，提高编程效率和加工技术水平，缩短生产准备时间。
*智能故障自我诊断和自修复技术
根据现有的故障信息，应用现代智能方法实现快速准确的故障定位。
*智能故障回放和故障模拟技术
可以完整地记录系统的各种信息，重播和模拟数控机的各种错误和事故，以确定错误的原因，找出问题的解决方案，积累生产经验。
*智能交流伺服驱动智能伺服系统可以自动识别负载并自动调整参数，包括智能主轴交流驱动装置和智能馈送伺服设备。
驱动装置可以自动识别电机和负载的惯性，并自动优化和调整控制系统的参数，使驱动系统能够得到最佳的
操作。
* Intelligent 4M CNC System
During the manufacturing process, the integration of machining and detection is an effective way to achieve fast manufacturing, fast detection and fast response. Measurement, Modelling, Manufacturing and Manipulator (4M) are integrated into one system to achieve information sharing.
Parallel Drive
As for traditional machine tools, the mass of series mechanism moving parts is large, the system stiffness is low, the tool can only feed along the fixed guide rail, the operating degree of freedom is low, and the equipment processing flexibility and mobility are not enough. The parallel kinematic machine tool overcomes these defects.
The machine tool spindle (moving platform) and the machine base (static platform) are driven by a multi-bar parallel connection mechanism, and the platform supported by the rod system obtains the corresponding freedom of movement.
It can realize multi-coordinate CNC machining, assembly and measurement of a variety of functions, and meet the processing of complex special parts. It has the advantages of high modularity, lightweight and fast speed of modern robots.
As a new type of processing equipment, parallel kinematic machine tools have become an important research direction of current machine tool technology, and have been highly valued by the international machine tool industry.
It is considered as "the most significant progress in the machine tool industry since the invention of numerical control technology" and "the new generation of numerical control processing equipment in the 21st century".
Networking of Information Interaction
For enterprises facing fierce competition, it is very important to make CNC machine tools with two-way, high-speed network communication function, which ensures that the flow of information in the workshop between the various departments unimpeded.
It can not only realize the sharing of network resources, as well as the remote monitoring, control, training, teaching, management of CNC machine tools, and digital services of CNC equipment (remote diagnosis and maintenance of CNC machine tools, etc.).
New Type of Functional Components
In order to improve the performance of CNC machine tools in various aspects, the application of new functional components with high precision and high reliability is inevitable.
* High-Frequency Motorized Spindle
The high-frequency motorized spindle is the integration of high frequency motor and spindle components, with small volume, high speed, stepless speed regulation, has been widely used in a variety of new CNC machine tools.
* Linear Motor
In recent years, linear motors have been widely used. Although its price is higher than the traditional servo system, due to the application of load change disturbance, thermal deformation compensation, magnetic isolation and protection, the mechanical transmission structure has been simplified, and the dynamic performance of machine tools has been improved.
For example, Siemens 1FN1 series three-phase AC permanent magnet synchronous linear motor has been widely used in high-speed milling machines, machining centers, grinding machines, parallel machine tools and machine tools requiring high dynamic performance and motion precision, etc.
* Motorized Lead Screw
The electric ball screw is the integration of servo motor and lead screw, which can greatly simplify the structure of CNC machine tools, with fewer transmission links, and compact structure.
High Reliability
In order to ensure the high reliability of CNC machine tools, it is necessary to carefully design the system, strict manufacturing and clear reliability objectives and analyze the failure mode and find the weak links through maintenance.
Green Process
With the increasingly strict environmental and resource constraints, the manufacturing and processing optimization is becoming more and more important.
Therefore, in recent years, without or less use of coolant, to achieve dry cutting, semi-dry cutting energy-saving and environmental protection machine tools has been appearing, and in continuous development.
In the 21st century, the general trend of green manufacturing will accelerate the development of various energy-saving and environment-friendly machine tools and occupy more world markets.
Application of Multimedia Technology
Multimedia technology integrates computer, audio and video technology and communication technology, which makes the computer have the ability to process sound, text, image and video information, so it also puts forward the requirements of graphical user interface.
Reasonable humanized user interface is helpful for great non-expert users, and people can operate through the window and menu.
It is advantageous for the blueprint programming and rapid programming, 3 D color three-dimensional dynamic graphical display, dynamic tracking and graphic simulation and graphic simulation, the different views and the direction show the realization of the function of scaling.
In addition, the application of multimedia technology in the field of numerical control technology can be integrated information processing, intelligent, applied in the real-time monitoring system and production site equipment fault diagnosis, production process parameters monitoring, so it has great application value.
Servo Motor for CNC Machine
In the application of CNC machine tools, the servo motor is an important part of the CNC servo system, and the speed and trajectory control of the executive components.
AC servo motor drive is a new type of servo system, which is also a new trend in the current machine tool feed drive system. The system overcomes the shortcomings of the DC drive system, such as frequent maintenance of the motor brush and the commutator, large size of the motor and operating limitations. It can produce ideal torque in a wide range of speed control, simple structure, reliable operation, for CNC machine tools and other feed drive systems for precise position control. The working principle of the AC servo motor is similar to that of a two-phase asynchronous motor.
